Ultimate Guide to Layering: When to Apply Vitamin C, Retinol & More

In skincare, the more you know, the more you realize you don't know. You've gathered all your essentials, the retinol to correct aging signs, vitamin C to stay protected against free radicals, the SPF to offset photoaging, and the hyaluronic acid to keep your skin plump. But hold on a bit. What is the correct order of layering skincare ingredients and products? It's a confusing spot to be in, but we're here to teach you everything about layering your skincare favorites so you get top-tier results from your beauty regimen. If you don’t layer properly you may be hindering the product absorption and missing out on some key benefits. Let’s make sure that doesn’t happen. 

What is the Correct Order of Layering Skincare Products?

Chances are your skincare repertoire has at least four steps, so assessing where everything fits in your routine can be daunting. Applying them in the correct order is the way to receive full benefits of each product. 

The rule of thumb is to layer from thin to thick consistencies, and typically, the highest percentage of actives should be applied first for optimal impact. The correct order of layering skincare products is generally from lightweight, water-based formulas to oil-based and thick products and from low to high pH. But there are also exceptions, so you should always consult the instructions of the product at hand and layer it accordingly. 

Here is the order of applying skincare products: 

• Cleanser
• Toner
• Serum
• Eye Cream
• Moisturizer 
• SPF

Best Practices for Applying Moisturizer

Because the role of moisturizer is to keep skin soft and prevent water evaporation while adding extra benefits, you should apply it twice daily. A light moisturizer is better for daytime, while at night a heavier one is best as it works in tandem with the natural skin's repairing process. Moisturizers are filled with thickening agents, and they only get past the very top layer of the skin which means they trap moisture in.

The moisturizer always goes on cleansed skin on top of water-based serums or treatments. If you're also planning to add face oil to your routine, remember that oil goes after moisturizer due to its thick consistency and ability to act as a sealant. 

In your daily AM routine, after moisturizing, you should apply sunscreen. Even if your moisturizer contains SPF, you still need sunscreen. This is because the level of protection of a moisturizer with SPF is inferior to sunscreen; you would have to apply a lot of moisturizer to get the same sun protection as sunscreen.^[1]

Best Practices for Applying Serum

The serum is an essential step of any routine because it is a more potent treatment for skin concerns due to its high concentration of actives. Due to their lightweight textures and small molecules, serums sink deep into the pores to benefit the skin. 

You should apply the serum after you have washed your face and after toner if you use one. It helps if your skin is damp when layering the serum as that increases absorption and leads to better benefits. Apply a protecting serum in your morning routine and a repairing one in your nighttime routine. Give your serum 5 minutes top to seep into the pores before following with moisturizer.

When to Apply: Vitamin C Serum

Vitamin C serum rarely misses from skincare enthusiasts' routines, but not everybody knows when or how often to apply vitamin C serum. You can use it daily in both skincare regimens, and as with any water-based serum, you should layer it after cleansing (and toning) and pre-moisturizer. Be sure to use a water-based SPF if your serum has l-ascorbic acid, as it is a water loving molecule and does not always play nice with oils or oil based mineral SPFs. 

When to Apply: Retinol

Not knowing when to apply retinol can have unpleasant consequences. That is because retinol is an ingredient that breaks down easily in sunlight and also makes the skin photosensitive, so using retinol during the day is a no-no. You should always apply retinol at night, after cleansing, and before your nighttime moisturizer. Five minutes is enough to wait for your retinol to sink in before applying moisturizer; you want to layer them, not mix them.

If you're wondering how often to apply retinol, here's the gist: it depends on your skin type and the concentration of retinol. The rule is to start low and slow with retinol, apply it one night per week, then slowly increase frequency to twice, then thrice weekly if your skin seems to become trained. You may have heard about the sandwich method of layering retinol, where you apply moisturizer, then retinol, and follow with moisturizer again. This approach is more likely to save you from the irritation that's often experienced by first time retinol users. 

When to Apply: Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is the pillar of hydration, but many don't know when to use hyaluronic acid serum in routine for bouncy and plump skin. Ideally, hyaluronic acid serum should be applied daily, in the morning and night, after washing your face and post toner or mist.

How to apply hyaluronic acid serum? On damp skin, always. If humidity levels are below 70% and your skin is dry, hyaluronic acid can dehydrate the skin as it attracts moisture from the inner skin layers, leaving you with parched skin in the long run.^[2] "But if your skin is dry, it pulls any residual moisture from the deeper layers of skin to hydrate the surface. In that case, you need to apply it to moist skin — which is why you should mist first and then apply a hyaluronic acid treatment afterwards. Once hyaluronic acid comes into contact with water, it knows what it's doing, and your skin will end up supremely hydrated and plumped," Allies of Skin founder Nicolas Travis says.^[3]

When to Apply: Niacinamide Serum

As a gentle and versatile ingredient, niacinamide can be applied twice a day for the pinnacle of antioxidant protection, brightening, and hydration. Since most niacinamide serums are water-based, they should be used after cleansing, toning, and before moisturizers and oils. Spread 2-4 drops of serum on your face and layer it by tapping until it is fully absorbed, then trap it with a moisturizer and SPF during the day. 

Which Beauty Product Comes First?

It might now be clear how to layer based on type of product, but what about the ingredients? We want you to get the most out of your routine, so continue reading below for even more insight.

What Goes First: Niacinamide and Vitamin C?

Vitamin C goes first because it's notoriously unstable and trapping it with niacinamide helps avoid its degradation in sunlight. Also, vitamin C should be formulated at a low pH in order to work effectively, while niacinamide works better at a neutral pH, and the rule is that acidic pH products go first, followed by neutral pH formulas. Layering vitamin C and niacinamide is the perfect recipe for bright and bouncy skin.

What Goes First: Vitamin C or Hyaluronic Acid?

Vitamin C goes first so that hyaluronic acid helps preserve its stability. Also, since vitamin C is formulated at a lower pH, it needs to be applied before higher pH, and usually, hyaluronic acid is created at neutral pH. This is the case for serums; however, if one of the ingredients is in a moisturizer, the serum goes beneath the moisturizer.

What Goes First: Retinol or Hyaluronic Acid 

Hyaluronic acid should be layered before retinol in case of dry or sensitive skin, as it helps create a barrier between retinol and your skin, offsetting irritation. Must-mention: let your hyaluronic acid serum dry before following with retinol as, if applied to damp skin, there's a higher risk of redness and dryness. Nevertheless, if your skin is already used to retinol, it is okay to apply your retinol serum first, then pat on your hyaluronic acid serum.

What Goes First: Retinol or Hydroquinone

Retinol should be applied first, followed by hydroquinone in your nighttime regimen. As both are potent ingredients, you should wait 30 minutes so you give your skin's pH the time to rebalance before following with hydroquinone gel or cream. If your skin is easily reactive, you shouldn't layer retinol with hydroquinone and instead use them on alternative nights. 

What Goes First: Hydroquinone or Vitamin C

Vitamin C goes first, followed by hydroquinone if the former is in serum and the latter in a moisturizer. It's important to let your skin dry after using vitamin C serum and before hydroquinone cream. You can layer hydroquinone and vitamin C in the morning, but it's vital to trap them with sunscreen with at least 30 SPF. 

Build Out Your Skincare Routine with Exponent Beauty Today

At Exponent, our mission is to set a new standard for effective skincare so you can cut through the clutter and choose products that actually work. And, to get even more from your skincare routine, you can now pair them together using what you've just learned. For skin discoloration and fine lines and wrinkles, use our Brightening Boost Vitamin C System in the morning and Time Rewind Retinol System at night. If sensitive skin is what you're struggling with, pair our Calm Revival Green Tea Resveratrol Serum with the Firming Filter CoQ10 Serum. Or, if you want to prevent dry, flaky skin, the Clear Comeback Probiotic Enzyme Serum stands out.

Brightening Boost Vitamin C Power Serum

Activated Serum

Treats sunspots, discoloration and dullness

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Time Rewind Retinol Power Serum

Activated Serum

Retexturizes, reduces fine lines and wrinkles

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